Dive Into Python: Python from novice to pro




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Dive Into Python is a Python book for experienced programmers. You can buy a printed copy, read it online, or download it in a variety of formats. It is also available in multiple languages.

http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.htm

What is Python?
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java.

Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and dynamic typing. There are interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various windowing systems (X11, Motif, Tk, Mac, MFC, wxWidgets). New built-in modules are easily written in C or C++. Python is also usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.

The Python implementation is portable: it runs on many brands of UNIX, on Windows, OS/2, Mac, Amiga, and many other platforms. If your favorite system isn’t listed here, it may still be supported, if there’s a C compiler for it. Ask around on news:comp.lang.python — or just try compiling Python yourself.

The Python implementation is copyrighted but freely usable and distributable, even for commercial use.

Cheers,
pavs



SANS Top-20 Internet Security Attack Targets (2006 Annual Update)



SANS Top-20 Internet Security Attack Targets (2006 Annual Update)

Operating Systems
W1. Internet Explorer
W2. Windows Libraries
W3. Microsoft Office
W4. Windows Services
W5. Windows Configuration Weaknesses
M1. Mac OS X
U1. UNIX Configuration Weaknesses
Cross-Platform Applications
C1 Web Applications
C2. Database Software
C3. P2P File Sharing Applications
C4 Instant Messaging
C5. Media Players
C6. DNS Servers
C7. Backup Software
C8. Security, Enterprise, and Directory Management Servers
Network Devices
N1. VoIP Servers and Phones
N2. Network and Other Devices Common Configuration Weaknesses
Security Policy and Personnel
H1. Excessive User Rights and Unauthorized Devices
H2. Users (Phishing/Spear Phishing)
Special Section
Z1. Zero Day Attacks and Prevention Strategies

Source: http://www.sans.org/top20/?portal=332da72c1873a532d07027eabe2db5cc

Cheers,
pavs



How to Customize Apache Server Banner and Error Page


Oh this is gonna be fun.
Previously I showed you how to tweak your machine’s TCP/IP fingerprint to look like something else.

Today, we will customize server files into whatever we want it to look like. Remember this doesn’t provide you with additional security for your server or computer, it’s mostly for fun and sometimes does confuse the ussual script kiddies.

First let’s look at the default 404 error page.

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Ignore the part where it says: My Computer is running the same thing your computer is running. I will show you how to do it later. First we will change the icon that says “powered by apache 2.2″. This is a “gif” file located under the “icon” directory with the filename “apache_pb2.gif”. ie, “/icons/apache_pb2.gif”. The gif file is 259 by 32 pixels, you don’t necessarily have to use that pixel size, but if you wanted to use the same look and feel as the original file you could use that size. We will use Mr. Skull for our example.

You will also notice that gif file also has a link embedded so when you click the picture it will direct you to http://httpd.apache.org/ . So we will edit it to our own homepage, http://www.windowhaxor.net. To achieve this we will have to edit the “/error/include/bottom.html” file.

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I also edited the “/error/contact.html.var” to replace “webmaster” with “God”3

How about the time? we don’t want to reveal what server time it is. So let’s change that. I couldn’t find any simple way to put a future date. So I used some common SSI format string that would make it look weird without any sense. I edited the bottom.html file where the original format string looks like this:

<!–#config timefmt=”%c” –>

Which I changed to this:

<!–#config timefmt=”%S %j %w” –>

Here %S = Seconds in Number
%j = Day of the Year Number
%w = Day of the Week Number

The result is this:

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33 209 5 won’t make any sense to a someone who is trying to find out the server time so that they can probe it when it is less likely (night) to be watched closely.

Ok now how did we change the Apache signature in to saying: My Computer is running the same thing your computer is running ? We used a apache module called Modsecurity, which you can download from here: http://www.modsecurity.org/download/index.html After installing it like installing any other apache modules.
ie, extract the content of the zipped files under the module subfolder and edit the apache.conf file and add this line “LoadModule security2_module modules/mod_security2/mod_security2.so” make sure
“LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so” is uncommented. Restart apache.
Edit “modules\mod_security2\rules\modsecurity_crs_10_config.conf”
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That’s it! Remember. Mod security is a very complex module with zillions of options and can make your server sluggish if you don’t know what you are doing. So study the reference guide before jumping for it.

After a little bit of tweaks here and there this is what my 404 error page looks like:

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That’s all for now. Remember it’s all just fun!

Cheer,
pavs



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